Cellulite has been viewed differently over the years. In the past, many healthcare professionals believed that cellulite was nothing more than fat in the human body. However, scientific studies have recently shown that this is not the case. Cellulite is the lumpy, irregular fat deposits often found around the hips, buttocks and upper leg areas. It is sometimes described as 'orange peel skin' because of the dimpled appearance of affected areas.
The history of cellulite is full of contradiction and confusion. Far from being a newfangled notion created by glossy women's magazines, cellulite was first described in depth by European physicians at the beginning of the 19th century.
In 1816, Balfour first commented on cutaneous nodule formations—later named cellulite. In 1929, Dr. Lageze, a French physician, discovered that cellulite develops in stages; first tissues in thighs, buttocks, knees, the abdomen and the upper arms become traps for free serum outside the capillaries. Then fibrous formations develop which, in time, turn into the retracted sclerotic connective fibers that create a dimpled orange peel effect.
Following Dr. Lageze's work, researchers proposed numerous theories about the causes of cellulite, but none of them could fully agree. Then, in 1966, two Spanish dermatologists named Bassas-Grau confirmed that, while no inflammation of the tissues is present in cellulite, watery fluid does indeed accumulate in the tissue. They also reported that the molecules of subcutaneous connective tissue in cellulite seem to be larger than molecules in the normal connective tissue because they undergo hyperpolymerization.
The 1970s bore witness to a host of different theories about cellulite. In the 1970s, a few researchers such as Braun-Falco and Ribuffo proposed that cellulite was simply fat. In later years, they were to modify their beliefs considerably. Most European researchers grew increasingly convinced that cellulite was a well-defined clinical condition and a physiological entity. Pisani argued that it was "a defect of the mesenchyme." Merlin argued that it was "a disturbance in the vasomotor reflex and an irritation of the sympathetic nerve fibers leading to a disturbance of normal fat deposits and water logged tissues." Binazzi, however, insisted that the more accurate term for "cellulite" was "dermatpanniculopathy oedmato-fibro-sclerosis."
In 1972, Muller and Nurnberger showed that where cellulite occurs there is also a decrease in the quantity of elastin fibers in the dermis and a rearrangement of the collagen bundles. Then, in 1977, Braun-Falco and Scherwitz demonstrated that a dilation of the lymph vessels takes place in cellulite as well as an enlargement of the adipocytes or fat cells.
But it was not until the well-respected Italian anatomo-pathologist and molecular biologist Professor Sergio Curri took up the study of cellulite tissue, that the whole of the European medical world began to stand up and take notice. Now considered the leading scientific authority on cellulite in the world, Currie carried out in-depth studies comparing cellulite to normal fat, and established quite conclusively that cellulite is indeed a specific syndrome.
Cellulite theories still abound. There have been a lot of arguments and debates about what exactly it is, what causes it and how it can be cured. Furthermore, it is now believed that nearly 80 out of every 100 women in Europe and America have cellulite. However, scientific studies today show that cellulite is not simply a form of fat in the body. It is a unique substance that requires special treatment.
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